Analysis of Service Marketing UBER Technologies †Free Samples

UBER technologies are the company that is headquartered at San Francisco, California. It is the company that deals with transport network services. This company has started its business by developing a mobile application (Cramer & Krueger,   2016). This application is used by the customers to book or request the ride that is being transferred to the drivers who are using their own cars to conduct the trip. As per the data, the company operates its business in 58 countries and 300 cities in the entire world. After UBER, many companies have tried this business idea and launched their own taxi services for the customers. The ear is known as â€Å"Uberification†. This business was founded by two people named Travis and Garrett in May 2009 and they released the app for UBER in June in the same year. In 2012, UBER took the initiate to expand its business at international level (Creighton, 2017). In the year of 2014, the innovation of carpooling is initiated by the business and the company reached at the position of 48 th among the most powerful companies of America. As far as the business UBER is Australia it considered, it has been analyzed that the business has started in 2012 may. In Australia, it has been observed that the market share of the company is rising day by day. UBER has started its business by launching Uber black that includes only the black cars as the cabs by the chauffeurs. This initiative of the business takes up around 3% of the total industry market (Amin & Radhakrishnan, 2013). After that Uber taxi has been launched that allow the taxis to work under Uber as Uber cars. This strategy allows the company to earn more 2% of the market share. As the company has experienced success with these strategies then it started launching the UberX and captured around 22% of the electronic payment market. The above figure clearly describes the spending of the people in Australia on UBER in the electronic payment industry. This suggests that UBER is doing great with its business in Australia and there are more opportunities for the company to grow (Chen, Mislove & Wilson, 2015). as far as the customers and the target market of the company is considered, it has been analyzed that target market of the company are the smartphone users along with the internet access on their phones. They are considered as the potential customers because they are the prospects that can easily be converted into customers. The riders who want to ride are not only the target for the company (Cannon & Summers, 2014). The company also targets the drivers and the car owners. This is because UBER does not have its own cars and employs the individual who are the car owners. As far as the competitors of UBER in Australia are considered, the recent news suggested that Hi Oscar is the company that is taking over the market of UBER. This company has been launched by Perth locals Daniel and Jeremy. It has been analyzed that, may be UBER is cheap and provide convenient rides but still there are many reasons on that the business is replaced by another local company. some of the reasons are surge pricing, internal toxic culture, bad behavior of the drivers etc. the company has attracted around 330 drivers in Perth and then planning to launch its business in Sydney and Melbourne as well (Rogers, 2015). There is several strength of this business over UBER. The first strength or the advantage sis that it is a local company so can attract large number of local people towards it. In terms of income it charges only 15% of the total income from the drivers while other international; brand like Uber charges 25% of the income. This suggests that even if the local compan y is charging, the economy is remaining in the nation only. Strength is that the company is registered with GST (Wheeler IV, 2009). This company allows the users to select their driver and favorite those for future so that in future if they wants to take a ride they can select their driver. The company provides the rating system of thumbs up and thumbs down that help in removing the dilemma of average rating. Another major advantage of the ride from Oscar is that the women customers have the opportunity and chance to select for the women driver. Other than Oscar, GoCatch is another company that has launched its business in taxi industry (Mulley, Nelson, Teal, Wright & Daniels, 2012). Increasing number of companies in the industry is taking over the share of UBER in Australia and becomes a threat for it. The company has launched its services with lower prices than UBER by 10-15%. This is really an alarming stage for UBER to bring innovation in the business of Australia. UBER is observed to be the company that is very much focused for customer service. The company is customer oriented in nature. The major strategies that support the company cater the customer such great services are as follows: Simplicity: Uber app is very much easy and simple to use. It is a user friendly app that supports the customers to operate it easily without being much techno savvy. Even the drivers that are not so much educated can handle the app. it is not only for the users of smartphone but the customer those who are not having nay smartphone can also book their rides by messaging (Australia, 2017). This simplicity is the strategy of customer service by UBER. This is because of the pap is complicated then it cannot be used by nay of the uneducated person. Convenience: Taking ride from UBER is very convenient for the customers. Even if the customer does not know the location where he or she is standing, they can book a ride by sending their location and the driver can pick them up from there. As the company also deal with private cars so they are more comfortable and clean then the cabs or taxis. The payment method for paying for the rise is also very easy (Hall, 2017). It is not necessary to carry the cash all the time to take a ride from Uber. The app can manage the payments by themselves; the customer just need to associate his debit or credit cards with the app and the money will automatically gets deducted. Speed: Speed is another strategy of the company to provide great service to the customers. In any of the city where the UBER serves its customers, they can easily get the UBER cars nearby. This is because there are a lot number of Uber cars available and the system is such that distributes the drivers and the cars according to the demand of the cars at the place. As soon as the customer books the ride, the driver approaches to the customer in lease of the time. Service environment can be defined as the physical environment of the business. All the tangible things that are associated with the firm’s service and provide the proof of the quality of the services form the service environment. After booking the ride: As soon as the customer books the ride with UBER, the driver calls the customer and asks them about the location and tells them about the limit within which they can reach on the location (Tucker, 2017).  This helps the customer to know about the waiting time. After pick up: It has been observed that all the Uber cars are very well managed as after the pickup, the driver greets the customer with poise and ask them if they are comfortable or not. The cars smell good and provide the customer the feel of sitting in his own car rather than a taxi. After the drop: As soon as the driver drops the customer, the customer provides rating to the driver and vice versa. Driver also helps the customer to lift up their luggage if it’s heavy. All the above discussed points provide the information about the service environment of UBER. As discussed in the above section that even if UBER is performing well in its business but facing some of the issues in Australia. The main issue is the issue of surge charging. This is the major issue faced by the company as the local competitors in the place are not charging the surge prices with the customers and thus gaining the higher customer as then UBER. Another issue that has been analyzed with UBER is that most of the drivers do not know how to read the navigation properly. This is to be recommended to UBER that they should concentrate on providing training to their drivers about the application and the navigation app. They should also manage the surge pricing system so that they cannot lose their customers. It has been concluded from the above study that UBER is the company that deal with transportation service in many countries and also in Australia. The Australian business of the firm is doing well but still facing some of the competition from the local competitors such as GoCatch and Oscar. As far as the customer is considered, they have the target market of people those who are using smartphones and have internet connection. The service environment of the company suggests that the services of the company are very much convenient for the customers and provide a good experience of the rides. Some of the issues have also been faced by the company which can be overcome by taking the recommended actions. Amin, S., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2013).  U.S. Patent Application No. 13/672,658. Australia. (2017).  Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://newsroom.uber.com/australia/ Cannon, S., & Summers, L. H. (2014). How Uber and the sharing economy can win over regulators.  Harvard business review,  13, 1-4. Chen, L., Mislove, A., & Wilson, C. (2015, October). Peeking beneath the hood of uber. In  Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference  (pp. 495-508). ACM. Cramer, J., & Krueger, A. B. (2016). Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber.  The American Economic Review,  106(5), 177-182. Creighton, D. (2017).  Uber competitor launches in Brisbane.  Brisbane Times. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/uber-competitor-launches-in-brisbane-under-new-laws-20160904-gr8bcs.html Hall, B. (2017).  Uber has new competitors in Australia.  Uber Drivers Forum. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://uberpeople.net/threads/uber-has-new-competitors-in-australia.150636/ Lovelock, C. (2011).  Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Lusch, R. F., & Vargo, S. L. (2014).  The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Mulley, C., Nelson, J., Teal, R., Wright, S., & Daniels, R. (2012). Barriers to implementing flexible transport services: An international comparison of the experiences in Australia, Europe and USA.  Research in Transportation Business & Management,  3, 3-11. Rogers, B. (2015). The social costs of Uber.  U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue,  82, 85. Tucker, H. (2017).  GoCatch is launching Australia's first Uber X competitor.  Business Insider Australia. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com.au/gocatch-is-launching-australias-first-uber-x-competitor-2016-2 Wheeler IV, G. Y. (2009).  U.S. Patent Application No. 12/453,780. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. D. (2012).  Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Like Water for Chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Like Water for Chocolate - Essay Example She chooses to block out the poor treatment and hide her feelings away, tucked in the corner of her mind. But when one particular visitor group graces her with his presence, she is surprised and decides not to judge the rest of them. "They left peacefully, just as they had come, and Mama Elena was quite disconcerted by the way they had treated her: it didn’t fit the picture of the heartless ruffians she’d been expecting. From that day on she would not express any opinion about the revolutionaries. What she never learned was that this captain was the same Juan Alejandrez had carried off her daughter Gertrudis some months before." Chapter twelve is a very unique chapter because it gives us a glimpse of the Mama Elena’s character as she seems to slightly change throughout the story. This chapter focuses on the month of December. It’s been almost a year since they had found Tita’s recipes and Mama Elena is still upset that her daughter Tita (who had die d) wants to marry Pedro and leave her all alone. Her tyrannical personality seems to keep people away but for some reason, Juan Alejandrez’s sincere concern for her three daughters softened her heart. No trespassing! The visit from the entire battalion was more of a surprise as Mama Elena began to defend her turf. She raised her gun high and pointed it to the troops. Due to her maternal authority, even grown men were afraid of her. Though they had a perfect shot, they could not seem to do away with her because of her daunting personality. But as the captain chose not to shoot her, she realized that her assumptions of these people were incorrect. Though they came to take, they had such great respect for Mama Elena and her people. This confused her, making her rethink the definition of â€Å"heartless ruffians.† She feared them taking what was precious to her. She feared being left alone. According to tradition, who would care for her after all were gone? The chapterâ₠¬â„¢s theme is quite simple. The title of the chapter is â€Å"Chiles in Walnut Sauce.† This refers to hot personalities in a calming setting. The quote resembles this title and theme only because you have the so called â€Å"thieves† with a good nature. It appears that the title itself is ironic because no one expects to be confronted by polite thieves. It just does not fit the definition. This dish was being made for the wedding, so the shelling of the nuts had to be done quickly and correctly. As the chapter continues, and the ranch is burned down, the celebration of the weddings is ironically placed. Fireworks are not the causes of the fire but instead, candles†¦.to think the fire is fireworks celebrating a union creates a symbol of the last straw and is a sign the oppression being stopped. Once the ranch burnt to the ground, no longer were the Gaza sisters under Mama Elena’s tyrannical rule. Chili in a Walnut sauce is like a deaf person enjoying music. You must do what is expected of you! Duty, tradition and responsibility are the overriding themes in the entire book â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate.† Each are very important as the book moves from what one feels they must do to what one has to do for themselves. As tradition lies at the center of the story, it is important to note that throughout generations, tradition does not change, instead, people do. As

Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction Research Paper

Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction - Research Paper Example The answers stipulated in the results will help the business community determine if the concepts are single constructs in nature, or different separable constructs. List three references from literature review. Comment on what type of style (APA or other) have used in referencing. Some of the sources of information used in the literature review are; Bearden and Teel (1983), Churchill and Surprenant, (1982), and Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry, L. (1994) (Iacobucci and Ostrom 278). These sources are applied in relating the opinion of the customers related to documented information. The referencing used in the paper is in APA formatting. List at least one theory that is used in the study. The study is an analysis of marketing theory which researches the relationships between the two main aspects business environment; Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction. Write a brief description of the methodology used in the study. The article presents two studies with divergent methodologies m eant to explain the relationship between the two concepts. It focuses on the consumer understanding of quality and satisfaction. The respondents on both studies report whether they think the two concepts differ and in what perspectives and dimension in case of a difference. The first study uses qualitative critical incident technique to accrue the service attributes considered by the respondents who postulates that the concepts are different. The responses are then coded to the open ended survey questions which are compared and analyzed to determine whether the two concepts can be alienated from each other in reference to respondents’ perspective. The second study involved the use of manipulated service attributes in relation to the first study and literature reviews. This was meant to identify the results of the first study and the literally information have differential impacts on the judgment of quality satisfaction. The respondents were encouraged to their independent vie ws. However, the researchers did not presuppose the difference to the respondents in the second study; they were required to give their personal judgment on the two concepts as well as making independent definitions (Iacobucci and Ostrom 277). Their judgments guided the study conclusion on whether the terms were used interchangeably or variably. The whole research relies on divergent methodologies that involve content analysis of experimentation and qualitative data. This enhanced the validity of the results. List the sources of data and classify the variables as continuous, categorical, dependent, and independent variables. Evaluate four characteristics that describe the data is applicable for the date used in the study. The secondary sources of data are books and journals. This is continuous as it can be used overtime. Antecedents forms the independent variables while focal constructs (quality and satisfaction) form the dependent variables. The participants form the categorical va riable as they grouped into gender nature. The primary sources of data include experimentation and open discussions. The two studies were transitional. The respondents had a gender balance characteristic thus the responses were not gender biased. The participants were outsourced from business administration department thus

Each country Essay Example for Free

Each country Essay Each country is recognized by its currency for both domestic as well international business and money transactions. Both money market and foreign exchange market are interconnected and it is almost impossible isolate one from another. The point here is, how to define a money market? The answer is, when an article is sold or purchased with an exchange of â€Å"money† which is a financial paper representing a sum of money owing to one another by virtue of sale our purchase. Currency is cash, which is usually carried by people for various purposes. Currency is money and Government Treasury Bills are near-money. Money markets are completely controlled and monitored by central banks, commercial banks and financial institutions. Each bank or financial institutions is accountable to central bank in terms of maintaining liquidity, solvency and for distribution of money. Exchange of money has been in use for almost a century now for any commercial purpose of buying or selling indicating that a commercial transaction has taken place, either buying a home or stock market shares / Treasury Bills. Money in exchange has been a common practice for any commercial transaction. A similar procedure is applicable in foreign exchange market, that each time a transaction is recorded, foreign exchange is either sold or purchased. Like any other market, money market and the foreign exchange market record high and low of currencies exchange which depend upon whether one is selling or buying. Traders of foreign exchange market provide tw prices. The first being the willing price to buy foreign currency and second being the willing price to sell foreign currency. It is here that traders benefit in making profits in foreign exchange transactions. If a lender receives $108 at the end of an year, $100 being loan refund and $8 is interest per annum that is given to lender. Interest rates are either per annum or per month or per quarter which is called flat interest rate. For example if interest rate is 2 per cent per month, per annum interest is 24 per cent. (2 x 12) . Most of the financial instruments are traded on discounted basis which means, the borrower has to pay interest at the time of considering the loan i. e. If loan amount is $100 and interest per annum is $8, the borrower receives only $92. ($100 $8 = $92). If the principal along with interest is refunded at the end of an year, it is called as balloon payment. ($100 + $8 = $108) . Banks usually negotiate interest rates with clients while considering huge amounts as loans depending on the goodwill and repayment capacity of clients. Banks accepts deposits from clients on a certain surety of payment of interests either quarterly, monthly or per annum. Foreign currency market exists all over the world in each nation with the fact that, every country’s export or import business requires exchange of foreign currency for payment of foreign transactions or EXIM business. The flow of cash in various currencies i. e. either in US dollars, Euros, Yen or any other currency is important as it increases or decreases the cash balances. Cash flow always carry a significant direction, currency, date and location where the cash flow is given. Cash flows can be either inflow or outflow. Foreign exchange markets always carry two currencies, one currency is being sold, and the other currency is being purchased. The funds manager verifies the characteristics of cash flow whether the following are present in foreign exchange transaction. 1. The name of the second party to the transaction. 2. State whether the specific currency is being sold or purchased. 3. The total amount involved in transaction. 4. The location where the funds or instruments is purchased. 5. The location where the second party requires the funds to be purchased. 6. The rate for the transaction. 7. Value date. Cash flows are aggregated in two groups. The first being net cash flow per currency by specific value date and second being net exchange position of each currency with aggregate value of dates. The concept of value date has a great importance in the matters of foreign currency exchange transactions with two dimensions which are as follows: 1. Spot transactions carry value date of 2 business days with its closure on the following day when the transaction is closed. 2. Forward transactions carry value date for future, with specific date from the spot value date, at the time of transaction. Value date indicates in flow of cash, cash expected in the future for commercial banks and central banks especially in foreign currency exchange transactions. A very good scope of interaction exists between money market and foreign currency exchange market. For instance : 1. A cash flow of â‚ ¬ 3 million is expected on value date October 31 to an European money exchange bank from another country. Here the value date is October 31. 2. A cash flow of $ 10 million is expected on value date December 31 to another European Bank. Here the value date is December 31. The above example indicates the net cash flow includes both spot transaction and future transaction of foreign currency exchange. The responsibility of funds manager is as follows: 1. On receipt of funds in euros, the entire amount will be deposited in the account of euro cash balance. 2. On receipt of funds in dollars, the entire amount will be deposited in the account of dollars cash balance. Banks maintain a regular cash balances of respective foreign currency exchanges and accordingly lend loans with certain interest rates and also issue currencies against exchange for commercial transactions. On every day basis the business days carry exchange rates which quote high and low according to the demand of buy and sell of traders of foreign currency exchange and also depending on the stock market sensex with FII inflows. One important aspect of foreign exchange currency is to be noted is here that the traders of foreign currency exchanges play a vital role in bidding and buying foreign currencies. For example if a trader bids 120. 00-05 on dollar/Yen, which means to buy dollar at 120. 00 and sell Yen or sell USD at 120. 05. Conclusion Among all regional respective currencies of each nation, United States Dollar has been accepted universally for both domestic as well international foreign exchange currency services and for global business transactions. Commercial transaction amount is converted into USD and paid accordingly which is converted from regional currency. For example if a Euro businessmen purchases 500 computers from IBM, deal of business amount that is calculated in Euros is converted into USD and paid to IBM which is were foreign currency exchange converter is required. The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB 52) defines Foreign Currency Translation, defines GAAP U. S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requirements for foreign currency revaluation.

Date Rape :: essays research papers

Date Rape In an ideal world, all men would be caring , respectful, and protective. This is not an ideal world; every woman has a responsibility to herself and to understand the risks and to protect herself fagainst them (Date Rape: The Danger is Not From a Stranger 13). One of the biggest risks from a male to a female is date rape. Date rape is the crime in which the victim, most of them women, is forced in to having sexual intercourse by someone they are familiar with (1). 1 in 4 women will be raped in their life time. This is a very scary, yet true statistic. Women need to understand what is going on with the situation of date rape, and be looked on less as the problem, so more women will come out and report the incident. It is not in any way the woman's fault for being the victim of date rape, but it is the fault of the rapist, and the rapist should pay the consequences. The question might come up...why would a man force a woman to have sex, or why would a woman doubt that it happened, or that she was forced? Well, there are many reasons. A lot of these reasons having to do with how American kids are raised. Boys are brought up thinking they are strong and aggressive, while on the other hand, girls are brought up being passive and "what you say goes" (Shuker-Haines and Stark 23) . This shouldn't be going on in our society...not with the advancements we have made in our country. It is sometimes said that the woman who was the victim of rape shared fault for the rape for wearing a skirt too short, or maybe if she stops over at his house. It shouldn't matter what women wear, or where they are. If a woman says no to sexual activity, then everything should stop. There are also ways that men "mis-interperate" things women say. For instance, when women say "no", they mean "not yet...keep trying", or men think it is okay to be rough, as long as there is no injury, or if the women agrees to kidding, necking, etc...then she wants intercourse. Some men also look at women as "fair game" if the woman is not a virgin. There seems to also be confusion whether rape was commited in instances like when a sexually active couple had been drinking and the woman says no to having sex, but is too drunk to do anything so sex occurs. Date Rape :: essays research papers Date Rape In an ideal world, all men would be caring , respectful, and protective. This is not an ideal world; every woman has a responsibility to herself and to understand the risks and to protect herself fagainst them (Date Rape: The Danger is Not From a Stranger 13). One of the biggest risks from a male to a female is date rape. Date rape is the crime in which the victim, most of them women, is forced in to having sexual intercourse by someone they are familiar with (1). 1 in 4 women will be raped in their life time. This is a very scary, yet true statistic. Women need to understand what is going on with the situation of date rape, and be looked on less as the problem, so more women will come out and report the incident. It is not in any way the woman's fault for being the victim of date rape, but it is the fault of the rapist, and the rapist should pay the consequences. The question might come up...why would a man force a woman to have sex, or why would a woman doubt that it happened, or that she was forced? Well, there are many reasons. A lot of these reasons having to do with how American kids are raised. Boys are brought up thinking they are strong and aggressive, while on the other hand, girls are brought up being passive and "what you say goes" (Shuker-Haines and Stark 23) . This shouldn't be going on in our society...not with the advancements we have made in our country. It is sometimes said that the woman who was the victim of rape shared fault for the rape for wearing a skirt too short, or maybe if she stops over at his house. It shouldn't matter what women wear, or where they are. If a woman says no to sexual activity, then everything should stop. There are also ways that men "mis-interperate" things women say. For instance, when women say "no", they mean "not yet...keep trying", or men think it is okay to be rough, as long as there is no injury, or if the women agrees to kidding, necking, etc...then she wants intercourse. Some men also look at women as "fair game" if the woman is not a virgin. There seems to also be confusion whether rape was commited in instances like when a sexually active couple had been drinking and the woman says no to having sex, but is too drunk to do anything so sex occurs.

Effects On Prisons On Inmates Essay

In the premodern times, societies used to mutilate bodies and cut off the heads of their culprits as a way of punishing the wrongdoers. However through a series of imperceptible measures of reform and development, punishment became less physical and less directed to the body of the offenders as people became more civilized and the prisons replaced the gallows. They stopped locking up the insane in asylums and began forms of treatment in institutions which had features of both hospitals and prisons, (Alan &Gary 4). In most parts of the world, it is taken that a person convicted of serious crime should be sent to prison. Countries like the U.S, where capital punishment has not yet been abolished, a small but significant number of people are sentenced to death for what is especially considered as grave crimes, (Angela 3). The condition of prisons in the past was a nightmare to both the country as well as the society as they were damp, dark, and noisy. Prison wardens were brutal, poor diet and miserable portions of food were given to prisoners who were usually dressed in rags and suffered from many diseases which were not treated in time resulting to poor heath of the inmates. All these inhuman acts were however viewed by the wardens as a way of punishment to prisoners and therefore the prisons lacked a sense of reformation and charity as brutal acts were directed to inmates. According to (Thomas 602), Inmates who entered prison capable of moral improvement went back in to the society as impure, hardened and irreclaimable persons as there was no separation of sexes, classification of age and character therefore the convicted felon corrupted the untried and innocent prisoners. The unfortunate According to (Douglas & Eric 2004), military officers in Iraq used dogs to intimidate prisoners. This was one of the several tactics they adopted even without approval from their seniors. They set strict limits on Red Cross access to prisoners and delayed them and accused them of, unannounced visit to the cellblock where the worst abuses occurred. There were also unreported incidents in which Iraq prisoners died after being questioned by American interrogators. Initially, imprisonment was based on punishing wrongdoers by inflicting suffering of the body. However, today’s imprisonment is not only an acute form of corporal punishment, but as a way of working on a person’s mind and body through three areas which include: punishment, deterrence and rehabilitation. Prisons are intended to allow the society remove criminals from them place them into an institution for reformation, persuade them to avoid activities which are not beneficial, and in time become productive and law abiding citizens. However this well thought plan is not put in place due to the bad experiences in prisons hence the initial meaning of prisons is not realized by the society.   The main objectives and responsibilities of prisons are to safeguard inmates and maintain and improve welfare of everyone in it. Safe guarding involves keeping inmates locked away and controlled while having moments of recreation, education and counseling. However, it should be realized that psychological freedom depends on relations with others and that it is what the prisoners experience in this world, attain satisfaction and avoid its detrimental effects and not the education or counseling that decide how, if ever, they will emerge hence life imprisonment of an inmate does not add to his becoming upright. It should therefore be remembered that offenders are drawn from societies where possessions are related to personal worth unlike in prison where they are reduced to a level of bare possessions. Lockups, isolation, condemnation and rejection dehumanize prisoners resulting to psychological discomforts to prisoners. A Prisons aim is to cure and straighten the bad behaviors of criminals, however their record has not been encouraging and instead they are found to do more harm than good as the pains of jail confinement affect all prisoners in different negative ways most of which destroy a person instead of reforming his or her past bad behavior. The need to quickly adapt to prison life and withstand prison shock, exposure to a new culture and maintain outside links like keeping in contact with family and friends becomes frustrating to prisoners. The prisoners must therefore determine their way of passing time which affects the great deal and this end up affecting them psychologically. (Tosh 43). All these question the practice of life imprisonment of people since instead of reforming them they end up becoming worse both in their behaviors and their psychological status. Prisons therefore should be opposed to the idea of locking up people for the rest of their lives to avoid more harm than good to them. (Alison 14-19), came up with several negative effects on prisoners as a result of imprisonment which therefore opposes the idea of life imprisonment. First is that imprisonment can be detrimental both to physical and mental health of prisoners particularly with regard to long term and aged prisoners. Though many prisoners receive medical treatment in prison that would be unavailable to them outside, the health risk of imprisonment are high, uneven and specific to the condition of confinement. For instance, Scottish prisons have reported increased risk of HIV and hepatitis B and C transmission due to random sharing of injection equipment, tattooing and unprotected sexual intercourse. One study estimates showed that 36% prisoners had injected themselves intravenously and 12% had anal intercourse at least once while in prison. Post- traumatic stress is second where its psychological effects apply to certain group of prisoners who have shown symptoms of PTSD in medico-legal assessments. Such symptoms can have debilitating effect and are associated with difficulties in restoring and maintaining relationships. High level of anxiety, disturbed sleep, chronic depression, withdrawal and persistent feeling of being different from others and from previous self are described by clinicians working with former prisoners. There may also be physical symptoms like increased arousal, outbursts of anger, difficulties in concentration and hyper vigilance which are associated with increased alcohol and drug abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Davis 322) in the third effect argued that inmates’ family and dependants suffer most. Despite considerable progress in understanding immediate and long term effects of separation trauma upon children, the impact of imprisonment upon the children of prisoners includes increased behavior disturbance and later delinquency, depression and feeling of low self esteem, behavioral disturbance and deterioration in school performance. Imprisonment and distance from crime is another effect which results to informal social control which suggests that social bonds like employment and marriage may inhibit offending. The imprisonment reduces opportunities to achieve relational and economic stability and therefore increase re-offending. Imprisonment also weakens the bonds and makes them difficult to re-establish hence suffering a significant source of legitimate or law abiding behavior and therefore imprisonment becomes part of the cycle of delinquency and crime. Another effect is on imprisonment and prison staff. Power especially overuse has dehumanizing effect as the culture of masculinity characteristic of prison staff bring a range of emotions and new emotion management techniques. Some of these techniques can lead to hardening, distancing and distrust. The process of adaptation could lead to enduring changes in their character and family life to preparedness to respond to danger. Imprisonments also result to some prisoners using sexual assaults and rape to make them feel powerful. Many of them use this assault to make them feel powerful than others and also express their manhood. The victims as a result are affected psychologically by being stressed, having nightmares and resulting to criminal activities and some forms of self destructive behaviour. The main solution to all these problems is to avoid inmate staying for a very long time in prisons since they tend to be harder than before and that certainly does not cure inmates rather it makes them more aggressive. Others is by ensuring good living and health conditions for the inmates, counsel them on how to handle people and relationships within and outside the prisons especially their families, provide good counseling facilities on the negative effects of using sex as a tool to feel good and demoralize other inmates. In conclusion prisons and punishments that are given to the prisoners do not necessarily bring a positive change of behaviour.In most cases they end up destroying the person as he or she becomes immune to the situations, therefore putting a person in prison for the rest of his/her life does not ensure behavior change and should therefore opposed. WORK CITED Angela Yvonne Davis Are prisoners obsolete? Seven stories press ISBN 1583225811, 2003 Alan Hunt and Gary Wickman Sociological jurisprudence Pluto press ISBN 0745308422, 1994   Douglas Jehl and Eric Schmitt New York times 21st May 2004 Joanne Mariner and Michael Bochenek punishment before trial Human rights watch org ISBN 1564322017, 1997 Tosh John The pains of imprisonment sage publications California 1982

Effects of Roman Architecture

It was an art of shaping space around ritual, it sought identity and fulfillment in the performance and creation, it was their way of reducing chaos, it was used to show their newly developed building skills, it was to â€Å"romanize† their country and set it apart from others. What was the reasoning for making such extraordinary structures? From the beginning of the use of â€Å"the arch† to the construction of huge public places such as the Roman arena. There’s a reason why thousands of people visit these places every year, something so amazing that keep’s our attention. It’s the beauty, or the concept of building these, or maybe the idea of designing such complex structures. The detail is tremendously in depth also, they truly cared about what they were doing. We here the quote said by John Heywood when being lectured about hard work, â€Å"Rome was not built in a day. †7 And it’s so very true. We today are amazed in how and why they would do it. The effects on today are tremendous. If you were to look down your street you would see so many uses of Roman Architecture. Columns? So simple but still so elegant. Domes? Such an amazing architectural design. Arches? Gave a whole new meaning to an open-looking building. Before Roman style came we had other styles including; Prehistoric which did not inspire much besides stone circles and Ancient Egypt which gave us the beautiful pyramids. Besides that, the Romans were the first to really break through. Which is what they wanted, wanting to be known by all. Roman Architecture effected the future’s idea on structure, design and the ability to obtain power by it’s beauty, it’s structure, and it’s uses. So what was the reasoning of making these structures? To show all the power they had, to show what they could do themselves. The English author Goethe once said, â€Å"Dream no small dreams for they have no power to move the hearts of men. †2 Proving that they were the ones that were smart enough to come up with this. Not only did they make them to show everyone, they used them. They were used daily and stayed intact. They’re still intact today! 4 So many designs that helped the future come up with more and more complex ideas. Producing such massive, creative, and beautiful designs made people come and sit in ah. The year is 2009 and guess who is still coming and sitting in ah, we are. The poet Friedrich von Schelling once said, â€Å"Architecture in general is rozen music. †1 And music in general is a beautiful thing. Beauty is a big factor in attracting attention. If something is that beautiful, people will take the effort to take a double look. Romans took this into account and used it to their advantage. Take the Pantheon for example, simply amazing. It’s thought by many to be almost perfect in interior design. The light pours through the aperture in the coffered dome, and creates a mystical atmosphere in the windowless building. From afar you see the massive dome, the octastyle porch and a rectangular feature connecting the two. There are also eight granite columns, six of them being original. 4 The two replacement columns were made of a reddish granite, almost identical. The inside is what is really amazing, you first walk up to the porch which is made of all marble and granite. The two stones were arranged in a pattern of circles and rectangles. You then enter the â€Å"entranceway† where you see that it is framed by pilasters of white marble. To get into the rotunda you enter through huge doors made of bronze that are connected by wooden planks, attached again by bronze nails. When first stepping into the rotunda your eye goes directly to â€Å"the eye†. â€Å"The eye†, or the all-powerful eye, is a round piece of glass on the direct top of the dome. It gives off a fair amount of light and in the Roman’s perspective, keeps an eye on all visitors. 7 Thomas Fuller a British author once said â€Å"Light, God's eldest daughter, is a principal beauty in a building. †2 The Rotunda also has an unbelievable amount of statues, columns, and detailed stoned etchings. The ground their is also arranged with alternating circles and squares of colored marbles and granites. What’s amazing is the craftsmanship that was put into every piece of art the Roman’s produced, and the time it took to make them. William Sutton once said, â€Å"Success in any endeavor requires single-minded attention to detail and total concentration. †9 Like the Colosseum’s hundreds of beautiful arches and the detail involved in each square. Or the beautiful rounded look they created for their theaters. Or the amazing etchings in the Monumental Arch. And who could forget about the baths! The creative, soothing paintings and the marble lined utilities were enough to ease the mind. Beauty, if used wisely, can lead to power. Power is what the Romans craved for and power is what was perceived from the outsider, they won. The structure of every building they ever erected was just amazing. Without their help the idea of theatre seating may not have even happened. The theatre has always meant so much throughout history, Oscar Wilde once said, â€Å"I regard the theatre as the greatest of all forms, the most immediate way in which a human being can share with another the sense of what is is to be a human being. †3 Take the Theatre of Marcellus for example. The theatre is 111 m. n diameter and could originally hold 11,000 spectators. 2 The theatre was built mainly of tuff and concrete faced with stones in the pattern known as opus reticulatum, then completely plastered in white travertine. 5 It also consisted of three levels supported by columns. Each level had a different architectural style: the first level had arches supported by columns in the Doric Order, the second featured arches with Ionic columns and the third one consisted of a wall with pilasters in the Corinthian Order. 8 Only parts of the first two levels are still visible today but their design withstood years and years of usage. The Roman’s also used the idea of the arch and developed into the vault. The simplest kind of vault is a barrel vault, it’s generally semicircle in shape and has a continuous arch, the length being greater than its diameter. 4 Rings are placed in position one at a time while the timber supports are taken out. With a barrel vault, the temporary support is then shifted on to support the next rings. 6 You had to take so many steps to get the final structure. And did they know it was going to work? They’re the Roman’s, they can do anything. Maybe they took a few test trials though. Two kids received identical play houses. One kid brought fake pots and little plastic food to play with. The other kid brought a toy gun and plastic tools to play with. Which kid would you assume has power of the other? The kid with the toy gun of course! The Roman’s not only had amazing, massive structures, they also used them to the max. The Roman’s are known for their spectacular public baths. The most famous being Diocletian and the Bath of Caracalla. 3 During this period of time many people did not care much about their hygiene. What they did was create elegant baths for the Roman public. This was never before done, so those looking from the outside would think that pretty important people must live there. The Roman’s also had many temples and tombs to honor certain people. The temples and tombs always looked so exquisite too. So did that mean so many great and powerful people lived in Rome? That’s what they wanted you to think. Josh Billings a humor writer once said, â€Å"You pretty it up, they’ll believe anything you’ll say. †9 The Colosseum is a great example of how the Roman’s used their masterpieces. The Colosseum was used to host gladiatorial shows as well as a variety of other events. Another popular type of show was the animal hunt. This utilized a great variety of wild beasts, mainly imported from Africa and the Middle East and included creatures such as rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephants, giraffes and ostriches. 1 Such events were occasionally on a huge scale; Some contests involving 11,000 animals and 10,000 gladiators over the course of 123 days. 7 There are also accounts of a â€Å"sea battle†, described as being filled with water for a show of specially trained swimming horses and bulls. The way they did things in the Colosseum was very gruesome. They occasionally used condemned people for â€Å"plays† where executions in which the hero of the story was killed in various gruesome but mythologically authentic ways, such as being mauled by beasts or burned to death. 6 The poet Anatole Broyard once said, â€Å"Rome was a poem pressed into service as a city. †3 If the Colosseum singly would be a poem it’d be the gruesome, horrid type of poem. Bringing wild animals and having men try to kill them was just a game to watch. What is the rest of the world going to think about Rome when they here what they do for fun? I would be scared. The Colosseum is the pride and joy of the Roman’s. It is the greatest work of Roman Architecture and Roman Engineering. It put together everything they worked for, everything they were good at. It’s the distinct building that everyone knows and remembers. Byron, a historian once said, â€Å"While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand; When falls the Colosseum, Rome shall fall; And when Rome falls, the world. †2 Its beauty, design and usage made everyone believe the Roman’s had the power. The Colosseum is about 620Ãâ€"513 ft. in length and about 165 ft. in height. The internal arena was 287Ãâ€"180 ft. It’s estimated that it could seat 45 to 50,000 spectators and on special occasions the numbers could be as high as 70,000! 4 The skeletal framework consisted of concentric piers and arches and was built of Travertine limestone, these rings were linked with walls. There were also four stories all together, all surrounded with a total of 80 arches. 2 The floor of the arena was made of wood and then covered with sand. Under the arena there was an 18 ft. high basement which stood on cement foundations some 18 ft. thick. The basement is an architectural masterpiece in itself, about as big as the arena itself too. The rooms of the basement were specially constructed to support the show on the stage above but were used for a number of purposes such as keeping animals, medics, gladiators, general supplies and so on. It is known that there was an elevator type device to elevate animals and fighters into the arena from the floors underneath so that they could join in the action when it was their turn. 7 Besides the structural wonderment of the Colosseum, it held so much allure from all points of view. Matthew Arnold is quoted saying, â€Å"I gazed upon the scene with intense and mingled feeling. The world could show nothing greater. â€Å"2 From the thoroughness of every individual arch to the hand crafted statues. There was a definite appeal in this building. Only the great and powerful can do great and powerful things. This is something the Romans believed, and heavily. Being able to build such grand and ravishing buildings proved that they could do great and powerful things. The late Spanish writer, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra once said, â€Å"When thou art at Rome, do as they do at Rome†. 2 Obviously Rome’s â€Å"scare factor† was known to many. Some may think that Roman and Greek architecture are the same concept, but the Roman’s put so much more into their skill. The way they meshed together their artistic abilities and architectural abilities created such a great and powerful bond. Their unbelievable leaps in the architecture ladder should be remembered for a long time, it is very much deserved. Roman Architecture effected the future’s idea on structure, design and the ability to obtain power by it’s beauty, it’s structure, and it’s uses. They wanted to be know, they literally killed for it! The year is 2009 and we remember, congratulations Rome.